Prothonotary Warbler

Prothonotary Warbler

Protonotaria citrea

Predict Sightings

About This Species

This strikingly golden warbler favours flooded bottomland forest, swamps and streamside thickets in the eastern United States, nesting in tree cavities and old woodpecker holes low over water, which makes it one of the few warblers you can find at eye level rather than craning upward into the canopy. Its loud, ringing series of sweet notes carries well through dense swamp vegetation, often heard before the bright yellow-orange plumage is spotted against dark water. Late spring through mid-summer, during the breeding season, is the best time to find singing males in flooded forest habitat.

Ethical Viewing Guidelines

  • A distance of 10 to 15 metres from a nest cavity is a reasonable default, and it is best not to linger near a known nest hole for long periods, since repeated visits can draw predators to the site.
  • Migratory birds including this species are protected under federal law in the United States, which restricts disturbing active nests, though protections and enforcement differ in the other countries it passes through on migration.
  • Viewing from a boardwalk or canoe without approaching the nest tree directly keeps disturbance to a minimum.
LCAvesPasseriformesParulidae

Seasonal Activity

631,706 sightings · 2000–2026

Citizen science records via GBIF

All monthsThis month

Classification

Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Aves
Order
Passeriformes
Family
Parulidae

Photo

(c) bwood708, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by bwood708

CC-BY-NC-4.0

Occurrence data from GBIF.